Chemistry Questions and Answers

In \(Cl_2\), the two chlorine atoms are identical and have the same electronegativity. Since both atoms have the same electronegativity, the electrons in the covalent bond are shared equally, resulting in a non-polar covalent bond. The molecule does not have a significant separation of charge and lacks a permanent dipole moment

Applied chemistry refers to the practical application of chemical principles and techniques to solve real-world problems and create useful products. Petrochemistry is a branch of applied chemistry that deals specifically with the chemical processes and transformations involved in the extraction, refining, and processing of petroleum and its derivatives

Sodium is an alkali metal, and its atomic number is 11. This means that it has 11 electrons, and its electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1\). The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell, which in this case is the 3s orbital.

The rate of reaction is proportional to the number of effective collisions. This means that if the number of collisions increases, the rate of reaction will also increase. These successful collisions are known as effective collisions. The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the number of effective collisions between reactant molecules. In other words, the more frequent and successful the collisions, the faster the rate of the reaction.

Isotope \(^{65}X_{30}\) (with a mass of 65 and an abundance of 60%):
Relative mass contribution = (65 * 60%) = 39.00
Isotope \(^{66}X_{30}\) (with a mass of 66 and an abundance of 40%):
Relative mass contribution = (66 * 40%) = 26.40
Now, add the relative mass contributions of both isotopes:
Relative atomic mass \(A_r\) = 39.00 + 26.40 = 65.40
So, the relative atomic mass of element X is 65.40. The correct option is:
65.40

In metallic bonding, positive metal ions (cations) are surrounded by a "sea" of delocalized electrons that move freely throughout the metal lattice. This arrangement creates a cohesive force that holds the metal atoms together. The mobile electrons contribute to the unique properties of metals, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility.

Molarity = 0.100 mol / 0.250 mol dm3
= 0.100 mol / 0.250 dm3 * 1000 cm3/dm3
= 400 cm3
Volume (V) = Amount (n) / Concentration (C)
Given that the amount of HCl is 0.100 mol and the concentration of the solution is 0.250 mol/dm³, you can calculate the volume:
Volume (V) = 0.100 mol / 0.250 mol/dm³ = 0.4 dm³
Since 1 dm³ is equal to 1000 cm³, you can convert the volume from dm³ to cm³:
Volume (V) = 0.4 dm³ × 1000 cm³/dm³ = 400 cm³
Therefore, the volume of 0.100 mol of HCl in a 0.250 mol/dm³ solution is 400 cm³.

The statement that is not correct about gases is Gases are highly soluble in water at high temperatures.
Gases are not highly soluble in water at high temperatures. The solubility of gases in water decreases as the temperature increases. This is because the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases as the temperature increases. The increased kinetic energy of the gas molecules makes it more difficult for them to be dissolved in water.

The compound that could be dried by using conc. tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid and not calcium oxide is an acid anhydride.
Acid anhydrides are compounds that can react with water to form acids. When acid anhydrides are exposed to air, they will absorb water from the air and become hydrated. This can make them difficult to dry with calcium oxide, which is a base.

Molar mass of Na2SO4 = 2(Na) + S + 4(O) = 2(23.0 g/mol) + 32.1 g/mol + 4(16.0 g/mol) = 46.0 g/mol + 32.1 g/mol + 64.0 g/mol = 142.1 g/mol

Now, we can calculate the number of moles of Na2SO4 in the solution:

Number of moles = Mass of the salt / Molar mass
Number of moles = 10.5 g / 142.1 g/mol ≈ 0.0739 mol

Next, we need to find the volume of the saturated solution, given as 100 cm³, and convert it to liters:

Volume of solution = 100 cm³ = 100 cm³ / 1000 cm³/dm³ = 0.1 dm³

Finally, we can calculate the solubility in mol/dm³:
Solubility = Number of moles / Volume of solution
Solubility = 0.0739 mol / 0.1 dm³ ≈ 0.739 mol/dm³

Rounded to two decimal places, the solubility of sodium tetraoxosulphate (VI) at 30°C is approximately 0.74 mol/dm³.
Therefore, the correct option is:
0.74 mol dm-3.
Solubility = 10.5 g / 100 cm3 * 142 g/mol = 0.739 mol/dm3