List of Countries in Asia and their Capitals

Asia is not only the largest continent on Earth — it's also the most diverse in terms of geography, culture, languages, and population. Spanning more than 44 million square kilometers and home to over 4.7 billion people, Asia stretches across the eastern portion of the vast Eurasian landmass and includes 50 independent countries. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south. To the west, natural and political boundaries like the Suez Canal, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and Ural Mountains separate it from Africa and Europe.

Several transcontinental countries, including Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, have territory in both Asia and Europe. Even nations like Armenia and Cyprus, while geographically in Asia, are often culturally and politically linked with Europe.

From the snowy steppes of Siberia to the sun-soaked beaches of the Maldives, and from the sacred temples of India to the skyscrapers of Singapore, Asia is a living atlas of extremes and contrasts. Its countries vary dramatically in size and character — Russia dominates as the largest Asian country by area, while the tiny island nation of the Maldives is the smallest.

Asia is also a top destination for travelers worldwide. Countries like China, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and Turkey attract millions of visitors annually, each drawn by the region's deep history, spiritual traditions, natural wonders, and modern marvels.

In this article, we present a complete list of Asian countries and their capitals to help you better understand the structure of this dynamic continent. Whether you're preparing for an exam, planning your next trip, or simply expanding your global knowledge, this guide offers valuable insights into Asia’s geopolitical makeup.

List of Asian Countries and Their Capitals (Alphabetically by Country, Grouped by Region)

1. Central Asia Countries & Capitals

1. Kazakhstan – Astana
2. Kyrgyzstan – Bishkek
3. Tajikistan – Dushanbe
4. Turkmenistan – Ashgabat
5. Uzbekistan – Tashkent

2. East Asia Countries & Capitals

1. China – Beijing
2. Japan – Tokyo
3. Mongolia – Ulaanbaatar
4. North Korea – Pyongyang
5. South Korea – Seoul
6. Taiwan – Taipei (Note: Taiwan is a self-governing entity claimed by China)

3. South Asia Countries & Capitals

1. Afghanistan – Kabul
2. Bangladesh – Dhaka
3. Bhutan – Thimphu
4. India – New Delhi
5. Maldives – Malé
6. Nepal – Kathmandu
7. Pakistan – Islamabad
8. Sri Lanka – Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (legislative) / Colombo (executive)

4. Southeast Asia Countries & Capitals

1. Brunei – Bandar Seri Begawan
2. Cambodia – Phnom Penh
3. Indonesia – Jakarta
4. Laos – Vientiane
5. Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur
6. Myanmar (Burma) – Naypyidaw
7. Philippines – Manila
8. Singapore – Singapore
9. Thailand – Bangkok
10. Timor-Leste (East Timor) – Dili
11. Vietnam – Hanoi

 5. Western Asia (Middle East & Caucasus) Countries & Capitals

1. Armenia – Yerevan
2. Azerbaijan – Baku
3. Bahrain – Manama
4. Cyprus – Nicosia
5. Georgia – Tbilisi
6. Iran – Tehran
7. Iraq – Baghdad
8. Israel – Jerusalem (internationally disputed)
9. Jordan – Amman
10. Kuwait – Kuwait City
11. Lebanon – Beirut
12. Oman – Muscat
13. Palestine – Ramallah (de facto) / East Jerusalem (claimed)
14. Qatar – Doha
15. Saudi Arabia – Riyadh
16. Syria – Damascus
17. Turkey – Ankara
18. United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi
19. Yemen – Sana'a

6. Transcontinental (Partly in Asia)  Countries & Capitals

1. Russia – Moscow (majority of territory in Asia, capital in Europe)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How many countries are there in Asia?

Asia comprises 50 internationally recognized sovereign countries.

2. Which is the largest country in Asia by area?

Russia is the largest country by area, although only part of it lies in Asia. Excluding Russia, China holds the title.

3. What is the most populous country in Asia?

China is currently the most populous country in Asia, followed closely by India.

4. Which Asian capital has the highest population?

Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the most populous capital cities in the world.

5. What is the smallest country in Asia?

Maldives is the smallest Asian country by land area.

6. Are Turkey and Russia considered part of Asia?

Yes, both Russia and Turkey are transcontinental countries, with parts of their territories in Asia.

7. What is the capital of Palestine?

Ramallah serves as the administrative capital, while East Jerusalem is claimed as the official capital.

8. Is Cyprus an Asian country?

Geographically, Cyprus lies in Asia, but politically and culturally, it is often associated with Europe.

9. Which Asian countries have multiple capital cities?

Sri Lanka and Palestine are notable examples. Sri Lanka has both Colombo and Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as capitals.

10. What languages are spoken in Asian capitals?

Asia is home to hundreds of languages. Major languages spoken in capitals include Mandarin (Beijing), Hindi (New Delhi), Arabic (Riyadh, Baghdad), Japanese (Tokyo), and many others.

Asia is a continent of incredible contrasts and unmatched diversity. From the glistening skyline of Singapore to the ancient walls of Jerusalem, each capital city holds a unique story shaped by its culture, history, and people.
Understanding the countries in Asia and their capitals not only sharpens your geographical knowledge but also helps you appreciate the intricate web of connections that define the world's most populous and culturally rich continent.