Civil Engineering Questions and Answers

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Bitumen felt is a type of building material that is used for water proofing and damp proofing. It is made from bitumen, a sticky, black, semi-solid form of petroleum, and hessian fibres, which are made from jute or other natural fibres. Bitumen felt is typically used to protect roofs, walls, and other structures from water damage by providing a barrier that prevents water from penetrating the surface. It is also used to prevent dampness and condensation from forming inside buildings by allowing moisture to escape from the structure. Bitumen felt is typically applied in thin layers using a hot asphalt or tar application process, which helps it bond to the surface and form a watertight seal.

Elastomers are a type of polymer that are known for their ability to stretch and deform under stress and then return to their original shape when the stress is removed. This property, called elasticity, is what gives elastomers their name. Elastomers can stretch to great lengths, often up to ten times their original dimensions, without breaking or permanently deforming. This makes them useful in a variety of applications, such as seals, gaskets, and shock absorbers, where a flexible and durable material is needed.

Dicalcium Silicate (C2S): This compound will undergo reaction slowly. It is responsible for the ultimate strength of concrete. This is also called as Belite. The heat of hydration is 260 J/Cal. Its proportion is 25 - 40%.

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Granite is a polymineralic rock, which means it is composed of a mixture of minerals. Granite is typically made up of quartz, feldspar, and mica, as well as smaller amounts of other minerals. The different minerals in granite give it a variety of colors and patterns, ranging from white to pink to black.

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Lacquer paints are generally applied on structural steel, are less durable as compared to enamel paints, consist of resin and nitro-cellulose, and contain alcohol as thinner. Lacquer paints are known for their fast-drying properties, high gloss finish, and ability to be applied in thin layers. They are often used on wood, metal, and other surfaces to provide a decorative finish. However, they are less durable than enamel paints, which are more resistant to wear and tear and tend to last longer. Lacquer paints consist of a resin (such as nitrocellulose, acrylic, or polyurethane) suspended in a solvent (such as alcohol or acetone). The solvent helps the paint flow smoothly and evaporates quickly, leaving behind the resin to form a hard and glossy finish.

A mortar is a mixture of binding material, water, and fine aggregate (such as sand or surkhi). The binding material is typically cement, which is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay. When mixed with water, cement forms a paste that hardens over time to bind the aggregate together and create a strong and durable building material. Sand and surkhi are both types of fine aggregate that are often used in mortars, and cinder is a type of coarse aggregate that is not typically used in mortars.