JAMB Government Past Questions & Answers - Page 135

The Aro age-grade system in Igbo land was a political organization.

The political head of the old Oyo Empire was Alaafin.

The old Oyo Empire was monarchical in nature. The system was based on the principl of inheritance. The government of the empire thrived along four major organs.
The first organ was the King known as the Alaafin. Although the Alaafin was a supreme King, but he was not a dictator. He ruled according to the advice of the council of Oyomesi but was not compulsory for him to accept all advice.

Implementing government policies is the main function of the civil service.
Civil service is a body of permanent officials who carry out day-to-day business of government.
It is a body or department which is in the executive arm of the government responsible for the execution of the policies and programmes of the government. The civil service and its workers known as civil servants perform purely administrative and executive function which embraces formulation and implementation of government polices.

Public opinion can be measured through referendum.

Referendum is the submission to the electorate for approval or rejection of some aspects of legislation. It is a nice tool for measuring public opinion. Thhis is so due to the fact that it gives out an aggregate view of the people's opinion on a particular public policy. Other methods of measuring public opinion are:

1. Direct Observation

2. Survey or Opinion Poll

3. Secondary Sources e.g Information from libraries

4. Election

5. Through Mass Media.

A tactic employed by pressure groups to achieve their objectives is lobby members of the legislature in order to pass laws that will favour their members. Example is Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) when fighting for increase in salaries.