JAMB Past Questions and Answers - Page 9

When a substance is oxidized, it loses electrons. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the moving of electrons. Specifically, it's a process that involves the substance losing electrons. This is an old definition of oxidation, based on the oxygen's role in reactions. The modern definition of oxidation involves an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.

An alpha particle is represented by the Greek letter 'α'. Alpha particles are a type of ionizing radiation ejected by certain types of radioactive materials. They consist of two protons and two neutrons, so they can be represented as a Helium-4 nucleus.

Tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions. Non-metals typically have a high electronegativity and tend to gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This results in the formation of negatively charged ions (anions) during chemical reactions.

The molar mass of methane (CH4) is calculated by adding the atomic masses of carbon (approximately 12 g/mol) and hydrogen (approximately 1 g/mol). Therefore, the molar mass of CH4 is 12 g/mol + 4 x 1 g/mol = 16 g/mol. The mass percentage of carbon in CH4 is given by (mass of carbon / total mass) x 100% = (12 g / 16 g) x 100% = 75%.

Alkanols can be formed from alkenes through an addition reaction. In this reaction, the carbon-carbon double bond of the alkene is broken, and a hydroxyl group (-OH) is added to one of the carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of an alcohol.