JAMB Agricultural Science Past Questions & Answers - Page 4

Genetic engineering is the term used to describe the deliberate modification of an organism's genetic material using biotechnology techniques. It involves the manipulation of an organism's DNA to introduce or alter specific traits. Genetic engineering techniques include gene insertion, deletion, or modification to achieve desired characteristics in plants, animals, or microorganisms.

Farm animals can be classified into three main categories based on their primary purpose: livestock animals, poultry, and companion animals. Livestock animals include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other large mammals primarily raised for meat, milk, or fiber production. Poultry refers to birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese, which are raised for meat and egg production. Companion animals encompass animals such as horses, dogs, and cats that are primarily kept for companionship, recreation, or other non-agricultural purposes.

The primary goal of genetic engineering in agriculture is to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with desirable traits. Genetic engineering involves manipulating the genetic material of organisms, such as plants, to introduce specific genes from other organisms.

The concept of demand and supply in agriculture refers to the interaction between buyers and sellers in agricultural markets. It is based on the principle that the quantity of agricultural products demanded by consumers and the quantity supplied by producers determine the equilibrium price and quantity in the market.

The primary function of the reproductive system in farm animals is the reproduction and propagation of the species. The reproductive system in farm animals, including cows, sheep, pigs, and poultry, is responsible for the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) and facilitating the process of fertilization. It involves the functioning of reproductive organs, such as the ovaries, testes, uterus, and oviducts, as well as hormone regulation.