Chemistry Questions and Answers

The conversion of benzene to toluene involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this reaction, a methyl group (CH3) is added to the benzene ring, replacing one of the hydrogen atoms, and the reaction proceeds through electrophilic attack on the benzene ring.

Sulfur dioxide, when released into the atmosphere, can react with water vapor and other atmospheric components to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which contributes to the formation of acid rain. Acid rain can have harmful effects on the environment, including damaging aquatic life, forests, and buildings.

According to Boyle's law, when the temperature is constant, the initial pressure multiplied by the initial volume is equal to the final pressure multiplied by the final volume. Mathematically, P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume, respectively. Using the given values:
(2.0 atm) * (4.0 L) = (1.0 atm) * (V2)
Solving for V2:
V2 = (2.0 atm * 4.0 L) / (1.0 atm) = 8.0 L

The carbonyl group (C=O) is the functional group present in alkanals. It consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

When alkanoic acids react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, esterification occurs. This chemical reaction forms esters and water.