JAMB Biology Past Questions & Answers - Page 2

Pollination in plants refers to the transfer of pollen from the anther (male reproductive organ) to the stigma (female reproductive organ) of a flower.

The concept of trophic levels in a functioning ecosystem refers to the levels of energy flow within the ecosystem. Trophic levels represent the hierarchical structure of feeding relationships within an ecosystem, with each level representing a different position in the food chain.

The correct identification of excretory organs in animals is lungs, kidneys, and skin.
Lungs play a vital role in excretion by eliminating carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, through exhalation.
Kidneys are major excretory organs responsible for filtering blood and removing metabolic wastes, excess water, and dissolved solutes in the form of urine.
Skin, although primarily a protective organ, also participates in excretion. Sweating, through sweat glands in the skin, helps regulate body temperature and eliminates small amounts of metabolic waste such as urea and salts.

Physiological variation in biology refers to the variations in the physiological processes and functions of organisms. Physiological variation encompasses the variations in the internal processes and functions of organisms, including metabolic processes, hormone regulation, immune responses, cellular functions, and physiological adaptations.

The statement that best describes courtship behaviors in animals is that they involve displays and rituals performed by both males and females to attract a mate. Courtship behaviors play a crucial role in mate selection and reproductive success in many animal species. They involve a variety of displays, rituals, vocalizations, dances, or other behaviors that serve to communicate sexual receptivity, readiness, and attractiveness.

Xylem is the plant tissue responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants. It refers to the production of new plants from vegetative structures, such as stems, leaves, or roots, without the involvement of seeds or spores. This method allows plants to produce genetically identical offspring to the parent plant.

The statement that is true regarding sexual reproduction in organisms is that it involves the fusion of gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring with genetic variation. Sexual reproduction involves the production of haploid gametes (sperm and eggs) by two parents, which then fuse during fertilization to form a genetically diverse offspring.

Germination refers to the process by which a seed breaks dormancy and starts to grow into a new plant. Germination occurs when a seed is exposed to favorable environmental conditions, including proper moisture, oxygen availability, and suitable temperature.

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is an eye defect characterized by the inability of the eye to focus light on the retina. Myopia is characterized by the ability to see nearby objects clearly while distant objects appear blurred. It occurs when the eyeball is elongated or the cornea is too curved, causing the incoming light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it.