JAMB Biology Past Questions & Answers - Page 8

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71.

Which of the following represents an example of ecological management and conservation through a biological association?

A.

Constructing dams for hydroelectric power

B.

Introducing invasive species for pest control

C.

Clear-cutting forests for timber extraction

D.

Establishing marine protected areas

Correct answer is D

Ecological management and conservation involve strategies and practices aimed at preserving and protecting natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Among the options provided, the establishment of marine protected areas is an example of such management and conservation through a biological association.

72.

Which of the following are components of the skeletal system in humans?

A.

Cartilage and blood vessels

B.

Ligaments and tendons

C.

Muscles and nerves

D.

Bones and joints

Correct answer is D

The skeletal system in humans is composed of bones and joints. Bones and joints are the primary components of the human skeletal system.

73.

Which of the following is an example of physiological variation in organisms?

A.

Variation in blood pressure among individuals

B.

Variation in beak shape among finches

C.

Differences in fur color in rabbits

D.

Variation in leaf shape in plants

Correct answer is A

Physiological variation refers to differences in physiological traits or functions among individuals within a species. Blood pressure is a physiological parameter that can vary among individuals based on factors such as genetics, health conditions, lifestyle, and environmental influences. Physiological variation encompasses variations in functions, processes, and internal characteristics of organisms, such as metabolic rates, hormone levels, enzyme activities, blood parameters, and other physiological traits.

74.

A biome characterized by hot summer, warm winter and treeless vegetation is

A.

Steppe grasslands

B.

Temperate deserts

C.

Savannah grassland

D.

Tropical deserts

Correct answer is A

A biome characterized by hot summer, warm winter and treeless vegetation is the Steppe grassland. Steppe grasslands are characterized by grassy plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. The summers can be hot, sometimes 40°C (104 °F) or more, but winters are cold, with temperatures often falling below freezing.

75.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Kingdom Plantae?

A.

Presence of chloroplasts

B.

Ability to perform photosynthesis

C.

Lack of cell walls

D.

Heterotrophic mode of nutrition

Correct answer is A

Kingdom Plantae is characterized by the presence of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. This is not to say that all organisms with chloroplasts belong to the Plantae kingdom, but it is a common feature of this kingdom.

76.

Which of the following is an evolutionary trend commonly observed in organisms?

A.

Decreased complexity over time

B.

Increased dependence on external resources

C.

Increased genetic diversity within populations

D.

Decreased adaptation to the environment

Correct answer is C

Evolutionary trends generally involve changes that occur over time in a population or species. One commonly observed trend is an increase in genetic diversity within populations. Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genetic traits and variations present within a population. Increased genetic diversity can provide a population with a greater potential to adapt to changes in the environment, as it provides a wider range of genetic material for natural selection to act upon.

77.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?

A.

Oesophagus

B.

Large intestine

C.

Liver

D.

Small intestine

Correct answer is C

The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, is a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food. The organs that are part of the alimentary canal include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, but its location is outside of the alimentary canal.

78.

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation for survival in social insects?

A.

Migration to warmer climates

B.

Production of venom for defense

C.

Formation of complex caste systems

D.

Hibernation during winter months

Correct answer is C

Social insects, such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites, exhibit complex social structures and behaviors that contribute to their survival and success as a colony. ocial insects organize themselves into specialized groups or castes, each with specific roles and functions. These castes can include workers, soldiers, drones, and queens. This division of labor and specialization enhances the efficiency of tasks within the colony, promoting survival and reproductive success.

79.

Which of the following is evidence of evolution?

A.

All of the above

B.

Similarities in embryonic development

C.

Fossils of extinct organisms

D.

Homologous structures in different species

Correct answer is A

All the options provided are evidence of evolution, which supports the idea that species have evolved and changed over time.

80.

The membrane around the vacuole is known as

A.

Elaioplast

B.

Amyloplast

C.

Tonoplast

D.

Cytoplast

Correct answer is C

The membrane around the vacuole is known as Tonoplast. The tonoplast is the cytoplasmic membrane surrounding a vacuole, separating the vacuolar contents from the cell's cytoplasm. It is also known as Vacuolar membrane.