How well do you understand living things and their vital processes? Whether you are preparing for JAMB, WAEC, NECO and Post-UTME, these Biology past questions and answers cover such subjects as the chemistry of life, botany, evolution, genetics, ecology etc to help you know what to expect, improve your speed and confidence and be really prepared for the actual aptitude test.
Which of the following is an example of physiological variation in organisms?
Variation in blood pressure among individuals
Variation in beak shape among finches
Differences in fur color in rabbits
Variation in leaf shape in plants
Correct answer is A
Physiological variation refers to differences in physiological traits or functions among individuals within a species. Blood pressure is a physiological parameter that can vary among individuals based on factors such as genetics, health conditions, lifestyle, and environmental influences. Physiological variation encompasses variations in functions, processes, and internal characteristics of organisms, such as metabolic rates, hormone levels, enzyme activities, blood parameters, and other physiological traits.
A biome characterized by hot summer, warm winter and treeless vegetation is
Steppe grasslands
Temperate deserts
Savannah grassland
Tropical deserts
Correct answer is A
A biome characterized by hot summer, warm winter and treeless vegetation is the Steppe grassland. Steppe grasslands are characterized by grassy plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. The summers can be hot, sometimes 40°C (104 °F) or more, but winters are cold, with temperatures often falling below freezing.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Kingdom Plantae?
Presence of chloroplasts
Ability to perform photosynthesis
Lack of cell walls
Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
Correct answer is A
Kingdom Plantae is characterized by the presence of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. This is not to say that all organisms with chloroplasts belong to the Plantae kingdom, but it is a common feature of this kingdom.
Which of the following is an evolutionary trend commonly observed in organisms?
Decreased complexity over time
Increased dependence on external resources
Increased genetic diversity within populations
Decreased adaptation to the environment
Correct answer is C
Evolutionary trends generally involve changes that occur over time in a population or species. One commonly observed trend is an increase in genetic diversity within populations. Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genetic traits and variations present within a population. Increased genetic diversity can provide a population with a greater potential to adapt to changes in the environment, as it provides a wider range of genetic material for natural selection to act upon.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
Oesophagus
Large intestine
Liver
Small intestine
Correct answer is C
The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, is a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food. The organs that are part of the alimentary canal include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, but its location is outside of the alimentary canal.
Which of the following is an example of an adaptation for survival in social insects?
Migration to warmer climates
Production of venom for defense
Formation of complex caste systems
Hibernation during winter months
Correct answer is C
Social insects, such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites, exhibit complex social structures and behaviors that contribute to their survival and success as a colony. ocial insects organize themselves into specialized groups or castes, each with specific roles and functions. These castes can include workers, soldiers, drones, and queens. This division of labor and specialization enhances the efficiency of tasks within the colony, promoting survival and reproductive success.
Which of the following is evidence of evolution?
All of the above
Similarities in embryonic development
Fossils of extinct organisms
Homologous structures in different species
Correct answer is A
All the options provided are evidence of evolution, which supports the idea that species have evolved and changed over time.
The membrane around the vacuole is known as
Elaioplast
Amyloplast
Tonoplast
Cytoplast
Correct answer is C
The membrane around the vacuole is known as Tonoplast. The tonoplast is the cytoplasmic membrane surrounding a vacuole, separating the vacuolar contents from the cell's cytoplasm. It is also known as Vacuolar membrane.
Which of the following is a characteristic of cells related to irritability?
Ability to respond to stimuli
Ability to synthesize proteins
Ability to generate energy
Ability to replicate DNA
Correct answer is A
Irritability, also known as responsiveness or excitability, refers to the ability of cells to detect and respond to various stimuli or changes in their environment.
Which of the following is an example of a microorganism in action as a disease vector?
Fungi decomposing dead plant material
Mosquito transmitting malaria
Bacteria causing food poisoning
Algae producing oxygen through photosynthesis
Correct answer is B
A disease vector is an organism that transmits disease-causing pathogens from one host to another. Female Anopheles mosquitoes can carry and transmit the Plasmodium parasite, which causes malaria. When an infected mosquito bites a person, it injects the parasite into the bloodstream, leading to the transmission of the disease.
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